Lennox-Gastaut 综合征：多见于 3-5 岁儿童，表现为多种发作类型（失张力发作、肌阵挛发作、强直发作），脑电图显示 “慢棘慢波综合”，常伴有智力发育障碍，治疗难度大，预后差。
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老年合并基础病患者：哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院（老年癫痫专病门诊）、中国医科大学附一院老年病科；
迷走神经刺激术（VNS）的临床应用
Richard Spark
（三）就医实用指南
Joseph Goh
核心特征：病因不可逆（如基因突变、广泛脑发育异常）、多灶性病灶或病灶位于功能区、合并严重神经功能障碍（如智力低下、运动障碍），现有治疗手段仅能部分改善症状。
Melinda Dee
广西壮族自治区妇幼保健院（遗传代谢中心 / 儿科）